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EUR is a residential and business district in Rome, Italy, located south of the city centre. The area was originally chosen in 1930s as the site for the 1942 world's fair which Benito Mussolini planned to open to celebrate twenty years of Fascism, the letters EUR standing for Esposizione Universale Roma. The project was originally called ''E42'' after the year in which the exhibition was planned to be held. EUR was also designed to direct the expansion of the city towards the south-west and the sea, and to be a new city centre for Rome.〔Robert A. Stern, ''Classicismo moderno'', Di Baio Editore, 1990〕 The planned exhibition never took place due to World War II. Most of the area is the property of EUR S.p.A., a company jointly owned by the Ministry of Economy and the Rome municipality. == History == The complex was planned to be home to a World Fair to celebrate the twentieth anniversary of the March on Rome and of the beginning of the Fascist era. The autonomous agency responsible for organization and construction of the project, E42 (''Esposizione 1942''), was created on 26 December 1936.〔(Legge n.2174 del 26 dicembre 1936 )〕 The general commissioner of the agency, Vittorio Cini, presented a list of the most prominent Italian architects available to Mussolini. The list included Adalberto Libera, Enrico Del Debbio, Giuseppe Terragni, Giovanni Michelucci, Eugenio Montuori and Giovanni Muzio. Among the large list, Marcello Piacentini (head of the project), Giuseppe Pagano Pogatschnig, Luigi Piccinato, Luigi Vietti and Ettore Rossi were chosen.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.eurspa.it/La-Societa/La-nostra-storia )〕 The first project, on an area of , was presented in 1938. The name was later changed to EUR, and the final project was presented in 1939.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.eur.roma.it/storia.php )〕 However the Expo never took place due to the Second World War, and the original project was left uncompleted when the works had to stop in 1942.〔 During the war the uncompleted EUR development suffered severe damage.〔 However, the Roman authorities decided that EUR could be the basis of an out-of-town business district, which other capitals did not begin planning until decades later (for example, London Docklands and La Défense in Paris). Therefore, during the 1950s and 1960s the unfinished Fascist-era buildings were completed and other new buildings were built in contemporary styles for use as offices and government buildings, set in large gardens and parks. EUR was almost fully completed for the 1960 Olympics, held in Rome. At that time, most of the important infrastructures, such as the Palazzo dello Sport (designed by Nervi and Piacentini) and the Velodromo were completed.〔〔 The EUR development agency, founded in 1936, became a Società per Azioni on 15 March 2000〔 and is still responsible for some aspects of management and organization of the area.〔(Trasformazione dell'Ente autonomo esposizione universale di Roma in società per azioni )〕 After a period of controversy over its architectural and urban planning principles, the project to design EUR was commissioned from the leaders of both of the rival factions in Italian architecture: Marcello Piacentini for the "reactionaries" and Giuseppe Pagano for the "progressives". Each of them brought in their own preferred architects to design individual buildings within the district. EUR offers a large-scale image of how urban Italy might have looked if the Fascist regime had not fallen; wide axially planned streets and austere buildings of either ''stile Littorio'', inspired by ancient Roman architecture, or Rationalism, modern architecture but built using traditional limestone, tuff and marble. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「EUR, Rome」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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